Women of respectable families do not enter into such connection with Europeans." There are,I hear, several such instances in Calicut, Tellicherry, and Cannanore. Married the daughters of European parentage are not allowed to enjoy the privileges of the caste. I am further informed that such women and children, with their families, are under a ban, and that respectable Tiya gentlemen who have On making enquiries about this, I learn from a respectable and educated Tiyan gentleman that this union is looked upon with contempt by the respectable class of people, and by the orthodox community. Anantha Krishna Iyer writes as follows.* " It is true that there is an elevation both physically and mentally in the progeny of such a parentage. opinion, have made shameful the position of a European's concubine and both races have thus been saved from a mode of life equally demoralising to each." On this point, Mr. Happily, the progress of education, and the growth of a wholesome public
It is recorded, in the Report of the Malabar Marriage Commission, 1894, that "in the early days of British rule, the Tiyan women incurred no social disgrace by consorting with Europeans, and, up to the last generation, if the Sudra girl could boast of her Brahman lover, the Tiyan girl could show more substantial benefits from her alliance with a white man of the ruling race. Children bred under these conditions, European influence continuing, are often as fair as Europeans. The marumakkatāyam system (inheritance through the female line), which obtains in North Malabar, has favoured temporary connections between European men and Tiyan women, the children belonging to the mother's tarvad. The Tiyans have been summed up as the middle class of the west coast, whoĬultivate the ground, take service as domestics, and follow trades and professions - anything but soldiering, of which they have an utter abhorrence. The corresponding figures for the Izhuvans are 101,638, or 3.8 per cent. The Tiyans in Malabar number, according to the census returns, 512,063, or 19.3 per cent, of the total population. The following note, except where otherwise indicated, is taken from an account of the Tiyans of Malabar by Mr. Tiyan.- The Tiyans, and Izhuvans or Iluvans, are the Malayālam toddy-drawing castes of Malabar, Cochin, and Travancore.
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